Learn the meaning of the Life Science Learning
Minggu, 08 Juli 2012
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LEARNING
A. Preliminary
Every
human being on the go is certainly learning activities. A student who wants to
achieve the goals would have to study hard. Not only in schools but also have
to learn at home, in society, as well as in extra educational institutions
outside the school.
In order
to achieve the goals can not be idle, but must be diligent, persistent and
diligent study. Learning is an absolute requirement to be proficient in all
things, both in the field of science or skill or prowess.
In the whole
process of education in school, learning is the most basic activities. This
means the success of the achievement of educational goals a lot depends on how
the learning process experienced by students as learners. (Abu Ahmadi,
2004:125)
Learning
is a process, and activity is a fundamental element in any organization of the
type and level of education. This means that the success of the achievement of
educational goals is highly dependent on the learning process experienced by
students, both while he was at school and home environment or family. (Muhibbin
Shah, 2003: 89).
This shows
how important learning for the life of a human being. People have always and
always and everywhere to learn bilamanapun she was and will last a lifetime,
while life in the bladder body.
For those
reasons, learning must be the maximum that anyone can master and gain
something. Because it is necessary to know the ins and outs of learning,
especially the factors that influence the success of one's learning.
B. Discussion
1. Learn the definition of
If we ask
someone about whether it's learning, will be obtained a variety of answers.
Differences of opinion about the meaning of learning is due to the fact, that
the action learning itself is mixed.
Many types
of activities that can be agreed upon by most people as an act of learning such
as quoting a sentence, memorize songs, counting and doing math problems, and so
forth. Not all activities can be classified as learning activities such as
daydreaming, anger, copy, and enjoy entertainment.
With the
above facts, lies the many definitions of learning. Here are a few definitions
according to experts.
According
to Witherington, the book Educational Psychology suggests that learning is a
change in the personalities who claim to be a new pattern of reaction in the
form of skills, attitudes, habits, intelligence, or an understanding. (Dalyono,
2005: 211)
Skinner,
as quoted by Barlow (1985) in his book Educational Psychology:
Teaching-Learning Process the, believes that learning is a process of adaptation
or adjustment of behavior that takes place progressively. This opinion is
summarily expressed in the statement that learning is ... a process of
progressive adaptation behavior. Based eksprimennya, B.F. Skinner believed that
the adaptation process will bring optimal results if he was given reinforcement
(reinforcer). (Muhibbin Shah, 2003: 90)
Gagne, in
his book The Conditions of Learning (1977) states that: "Learning occurs
when a stimulus situation along with the contents of memory in such a way that
affects the students' actions (his performance) before he changed from time to
time run into the situation after he experienced a situation said.
"(Dalyono, 2005: 211)
Meanwhile,
James O. Whittaker defines learning as a process in which behavior caused or
changed through training or experience. Definition that is not much different
from the definition proposed by Cronbach in his Educational Psychology, states
that effective learning is through experience. (Abu Ahmadi, 2004: 127)
From the
definitions set forth above, it can be argued that there are some important
elements that characterize the notion of learning, namely:
- Learning is a behavior.
- Learn to bring a change in behavior
- Behavioral changes that may be actual, that is
visible but can also potential in nature which are not visible at the
time, but it would seem on another occasion.
- Learning is a change that occurs through the
exercise or experiences.
- Behavior change due to learning involves both in
terms of various aspects of cognitive, affective and psychomotor.
- Changes that occur due to a deliberate effort.
- The changes are heading towards positive change
improvement or progress toward
2. Characteristics of the Changes
Produced by Learning
Each
learned behavior is always characterized by the changes. According Muhibbin
Shah (2003: 118) manifestation or embodiment of learning behavior are more
often seen in the changes as follows:
- Habit
- Skills
- Observation
- Associative Thinking and Memory
- Rational and Critical Thinking
- Attitude
- Inhibition (Choose sikapyang better)
- Appreciation
- Affective Behavior
1)
Habit
Any
student who has undergone a process of learning, his habits will seem to
change. According to Burghardt (1973), the custom arose because of the
depreciation trend of response with repeated stimulation. In the process of
learning, habituation also includes the reduction of behaviors that were not
treated. Because the process of shrinking / reduction of this, a pattern
appears to behave relatively new and the automatic stay.
2)
Skills.
Skills are
activities associated with the veins nerves and muscles (neuromuscular) are
commonly seen in physical activities such as writing, typing, sports and so on.
Despite his motor, but the skills it requires careful coordination of movement
and a high awareness Thus, students who perform motor movements with
coordination and low awareness may be less or unskilled.
According
to Reber (1988), skill is the ability to perform behavior patterns are complex
and well-organized and smoothly in accordance with the state to achieve
specific results. Not only cover the skills of motor movement but also the
embodiment of cognitive functioning that is mental. The connotation was so
extensive that to influence or leverage on other people. This means that people
are able to leverage other people are also considered to be appropriately
skilled person.
3)
Observation
Observation
means that the process of receiving, interpreting and giving meaning to
incoming stimuli through the senses such as eyes and ears. Thanks to the
experience of learning a student will be able to achieve the objective
observation of the right before reaching the destination. The observation that
one will result in an incorrect understanding.
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