BLOG ISLAMIC SCIENCE

AL-GHAZALI'S VIEWS EDUCATION ABOUT ISLAM

A.    INTRODUCTION

Education is the most important thing in life, because without education a person will not be able to know the outside world, without science can not possibly achieve what is expected and that in all aspire, in the form of happiness in this world and hereafter. Because of the intimated by the prophet Muhammad that if you want to be happy in the world with knowledge, if you want to be happy in the hereafter then with science and if you want both then with science. To gain knowledge through education is necessary. According to Mansur Isna Islam covers all aspects of life, and to achieve future life must start from now and this just might be achieved by science. By quoting Fazlurrohman Isna Mansur said that reform in any shape to go through with education. (Mansur Isna, 2001: 64)

But the goal of education who recently less attention, which in recent educational purposes leads to the formation of less perfect man, especially the persistence of the pengkotoman between public science and the science of religion, whereas the purpose of education is nothing but to form a perfect man or perfect. That education today is not complete or perfect the human form are eligible to become caliph on earth, but humans are individualistic, materialistic and pragmatic. This is fatal because of the strong oppress the weak, who swam the authority remains strong and oppress the weak, with no memory of sin. So this is where we will raise a theme that provides meaning and importance of education for us, which we took from the famous Muslim filusuf thought that "Al-Ghazali".

B. DISCUSSION

1. Brief of Al-Ghazali

His full name was Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Ghazali. He was born in the village of Thus Spake. Region of Khorasan, Iran in the year 450 AH / 1058 AD his father was a craftsman weaving wool and traders. He was eminent Islamic thinkers who hold the title "defender of Islam" (hujjatul Islam), religious ornaments (Zainuddin), an ocean away (bahrun mughriq), and religious reformer. This title is based on the breadth of knowledge and charity, and his life full of struggle and sacrifice in defending the religious teachings of the various attacks. (C.A. Qadir, 1991: 103)

Al-Ghazali was the first time between Sufism and Shari'ah combines in one system. (CA Qadir, 1991: 104) He studied first at a Sufi in the country's Thus, then he moved to Jurjan Naisabur to study science and religion in the most famous scholars of the Imam al-Haramain Diya al-Din al-Juwayni, he Naisabur a director at the school, he learned the science is the science of fiqh, usul fiqh, mantiq, and the science of kalam.

In the year 478 AH / 1058 AD al-Ghazali lived in al-Muaskar and then moved to Baqhdad to become a lecturer at the University Ridzamiyah in the year 484 AH / 1091 AD He died on 14 Jamadi's Thus the end date of 505 AH / January 19 the year 1111 AD (Abudin Nata, 1993: 91)

Ideology that brought the "al-ma'rifah" so as jasanyalah Sufism can be generally accepted among experts of shari'ah. According ma'rifat secret is knowing God and knowing the rules, of all things, which he expressed in his words, namely:

الاطلاع على اسرارالربية و العلم بترتب الامورالالهية المحيطة بكل الموجودات.: (Hamka, 1984:. 135.)

According ma'rifat in Sufism is a level where the hijab is lost face in front of a Sufi, so he can see his soul with the heart of God and other things that can not be seen by ordinary humans.

He also explained that people who have ma'rifat about God, he would not say the words Ya Allah or Ya Rabb, because the call of God with such words indicate that God is behind the curtain is still dealing with his people will not call his friend's words. (Hamka, 1984:. 135.) Ma'rifat her first order of the mahabah, because mahabah timbuh of ma'rifat and for al-Ghazali mahabah not mahabah as recited by the Rabbinic, but mahabah love for him is in the form of a love and mercy of God to man that gives human life, sustenance, pleasure, and others. Mahabah and ma'rifat is the highest level that can be achieved by a Sufi. The knowledge gained from ma'rifat thinks more and higher quality than the knowledge acquired through reason. (Harun Nasution, 1979: 78)

2. Thoughts on Education

Imam Al Ghazali's thoughts about education in the field of Islamic education is very broad, can generally be grouped as follows:

First: Learners. Students in their studies should have the determination to seek knowledge (sincerely for Allah). Al-Ghazali says that if a man intends to seek knowledge to compete and compete in progress, then you will lose money, and your teacher will claim that you are in disobedience, you are like a sword sellers who sold his wares to the street mugger. (Al Ghazali, 2008: 141)

Second: The nature of Islamic education. According to Al-Ghazali is to gain happiness in this world and hereafter, (Al Ghazali, 2008: 322) and on the other kesemptan he said that the highest happiness of man lies in makrifat Allah, "Al-Ghazali said that the feeling of happiness, pleasure and satisfaction to be gained if he did all that was ordered by temperament. Nature of all things is all that is created for him. Pleasure of the eyes in beautiful images, delight the ears on the melodious sounds, and thus all the limbs. Only heart felt pleasure to know Allah (God ma'rifah). (Al Ghazali, 2008: 270)

Third: The cornerstone of education in line with the educational nature of Islam, Al-Ghazali argued that education is the foundation of Al-Qur'an, Al-Hadith and Ijtihad. Ber ijtihad Muslims urge everyone to be able diligence with extensive knowledge. But Al-Ghazali also said that not everyone is capable of diligence, then by al Ghazali bertaqlid Muslims should, but do not be blind to panatik bertaqlid against priests, let alone outside mengkafirkan who studied them. (Al Ghajali, 2003: 25-26)

Fourth: Method of learning the lessons. When Imam Al Ghazali complete the book Sirr al-'mafi Kasyaf Alamain wa ad-Darain (Reveals the Secrets of Two Natural and What's in the world and the hereafter). He said: "I intentionally make this book as a guide to take power, a stimulant to get it, ways to fight it, and the pillars of the holistic meanings ... and he said: This is a glorious book that should not be ruled out, he said. Because it contains secrets that require disclosure, although the natural disposition rejected. It also contained the noble sciences and cues that indicate ambiguity secrets are not known except by the people of the wisdom.

Fifth, the curriculum. Curriculum that students learn important are 1) Morals and Worship. Al-Ghazali said, since first waking up human sleep / educators should make all of his activities as worship, worship hendahnya means, not only the practice of worship mahdhoh alone but should perform activities that are meaningful and valuable. These activities in order to worship should be done with the rules of Islam. For example, wake manners, should wake up before dawn, in a toilet etiquette and so forth. (Al Gahazali, 2008: 146-200). Social and political curriculum in maintaining state security. Health, he says Al Ghazali Be careful with the poison on food, beverages, clothing, bedding up to sepreimu. History curriculum, Al Ghazali tells the history of Kalam experts. Management leadership, medicine. (Al Ghazali, 2008: 324-347)

Sixth, the purpose of Islamic education. According to Al-Ghazali's basic purpose is to provide Islamic education to become a devout servant of God with all aspects of life, deeds, thoughts, and feelings. Besides, the goal is to know and practice their religion properly, get equipped to achieve the happiness of the world and hereafter.

Responsible for educating. According to Imam Al Ghazali, there are three environmentally responsible in educating children. The third environment is responsible for the family (both parents), the government on its people, and society. (Al Ghazali, 2008: 324-347)